Impacto de los factores emocionales en el vínculo afectivo postparto en madres: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
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Introducción: el vínculo afectivo madre-hijo durante el periodo posparto es un elemento clave para el desarrollo socioemocional infantil. Diversos estudios han señalado que factores emocionales maternos como la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés pueden influir en la calidad de este vínculo. Método: se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo directrices internacionales para revisiones sistemáticas. Se consultaron las bases de datos PsycINFO, MEDLINE y CINAHL, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025 en inglés y español. Se seleccionaron 14 estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión, analizándose mediante una síntesis cualitativa de tipo temático. Resultados: los resultados muestran una asociación consistente entre el malestar emocional materno y dificultades en el vínculo afectivo, manifestadas en menor sensibilidad materna, menor expresión emocional y alteraciones en las representaciones mentales hacia el bebé. Asimismo, se identificaron factores protectores como el apoyo social, la autoeficacia materna y las intervenciones psicoeducativas. Conclusiones: se concluye que los factores emocionales maternos desempeñan un papel determinante en la calidad del vínculo afectivo postparto. Se destaca la importancia de implementar estrategias de detección temprana e intervenciones preventivas orientadas a promover la salud mental perinatal y fortalecer la relación madre-hijo
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